lunes, 15 de diciembre de 2008

LA DESCONGESTION PORTUARIA SE SOLUCIONA EN EL GOLFO DE URABA

Uno de los mayores problemas logísticos existentes en Colombia es la carencia de infraestructura vial y portuaria para el transporte terrestre y fluvial.
Hacia el sur tenemos el puerto de Buenaventura, que apenas ahora supera la congestión vivida en el año 2006; y hacia el norte del país tenemos los puertos de Cartagena, Barranquilla y Santa Marta que hoy operan la mayoría de las exportaciones e importaciones del centro del país, especialmente, las de Antioquia.
Los costos en fletes de transporte y la infraestructura vial desde y hacia esas zonas del país, hacen pensar a los antioqueños en opciones viables para mejorar su logística tanto vial como portuaria.
Una alternativa bastante viable, en ese sentido, es la de aprovechar los adelantos que al respecto ya tienen los empresarios bananeros en el Golfo de Urabá, e invertir en un mega puerto y en la infraestructura vial adecuada para transportar toda la carga que llega y la que se envía.

Ahora que el país está negociando varios tratados de libre comercio, es lógico pensar que la construcción de un mega puerto fortalecería la competitividad colombiana y replantearía el direccionamiento de la carga marítima del país, redistribuyéndola de acuerdo con los costos y funcionalidad que representen para cada una de las regiones interesadas.
En el caso de los antioqueños, que hoy en día representan el 70% de las importaciones y el 40% de las exportaciones que llegan a Cartagena, la apertura de un mega puerto en la zona de Urabá representaría una significativa disminución en los costos y tiempos de movilización.
La redistribución hace temer, sin embargo, un gran impacto económico para los demás puertos del país.
¿Cómo funciona actualmente?
Hoy en día, la infraestructura portuaria de Urabá tiene como función exclusiva atender las necesidades de la industria bananera de una forma sencilla, con dos instalaciones, una en Zungo y la otra en Nueva Colonia, en Turbo.
Según un estudio presentado por Hidroestudios S.A. y publicado en la edición Nº 33 de la revista Zona logística, actualmente ambas instalaciones tienen problemas potenciales desde el punto de vista de navegación. Para la operación de los puertos se utilizan barcazas con capacidad para transportar entre 4 y 12 contenedores, y equipos de carga con capacidad para manejar cantidades entre 10 y 30 toneladas anualmente.
Esta capacidad de transporte y carga de las instalaciones portuarias de Turbo es aún muy pequeña para sumar la producción bananera con el resto de la producción antioqueña, que puede alcanzar aproximadamente unas 1.7 millones de toneladas anuales.
¿Qué quieren hacer?
La iniciativa de la Gobernación de Antioquia y algunas empresas del sector privado, consiste en mejorar el sistema portuario de Urabá aprovechando su ubicación estratégica.
Para lograr ese objetivo, se plantean diferentes alternativas:
1- Construir un mega puerto en Turbo2- Hacer un nuevo puerto en Necocli (opcional para fortalecer la infraestructura actual).3- Hacer un puerto en aguas profundas con sistemas de trasbordo por barcazas.4- Dragar las instalaciones ya existentes en Nueva Colonia y Zungo y mejorar el sistema logístico marítimo y terrestre.
Esta iniciativa aún está en etapas preliminares, pero es de esperar que se haga realidad, ya que aumentaría la capacidad portuaria del país y nos haría mucho más competitivos en el ámbito internacional, en materia de importaciones y exportaciones.
Sería importante aprobar la ampliación de dicha infraestructura por las facilidades que plantea el proyecto como alternativa de transporte internacional, pero del mismo modo es importante mejorar la infraestructura vial de Medellín a Turbo, algo en lo que ya se ha empezado a trabajar.
Lo importante ahora es que el Gobierno del Departamento comience a trabajar para aumentar el volumen de carga que puede operarse en la zona y de esa forma atraer algunas navieras comerciales importantes que ya han empezado a interesarse en el Puerto de Urabá.

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